70万张照片里的制造业生产线

2015年1月22日，广东省东莞市长安镇。内衣厂的生产线。生产的内衣全部出口。占有兵摄

January 22, 2015, Chang'an Town, Dongguan City, Guangdong Province. The production line of underwear factory. All underwear manufactured are exported. byYouBingZhan

我试图用手中的相机，对不同类型的工厂进行解剖式记录。

当我拍摄了70多万张图片后，我发现，制造业的生产线是打工者的最主要空间，每天在车间10小时或更多时间，生产线就是打工者最主要的人生舞台，青春在此消费，人生的棱角被生产线磨平。

车间，人口特别密集，生产线是效率单元，分工极细，工作内容单调重复。打工者，不过是被生产线控制着的另一种机器，一种只需少量“加油”而不需要维修的机器。

生产线上的主力军，是年青力壮且能够经常加班的打工者，30岁以下的人最受工厂欢迎。给点加班费，就把打工者拴住了，每天服服帖帖地锁在流水线上。

车间的运作，是从早会开始的。上班铃响了，各条生产线组长召集打工者开早会，内容无非是产品出了哪些质量问题，如何预防和纠正；哪些人在工作中违反了规定；哪些人请假次数多，影响了生产线的运作；哪些人又被领导批评了；上级有什么新的指示啦；工厂最近的动向呀等等。当然，经验丰富的组长会用“三明治”法开早会，先讲好听的，再批评，接着又鼓励大家努力。也有一些打工资历久、性格差的组长，象母老虎一样，开早会就咆哮，有时骂得自尊心强的员工直哭鼻子。开完早会，各就各位，开工，干活!

人有三急，在车间，离开工作岗位要领离岗证才行，说简单点，想上厕所要获得批准才可以。每当流水线开动起来，30多个人分坐在传动带的两边，手脚不停地处理前工序送出来的货，一个萝卜一个坑，谁也不能离开。每条生产线，有一个专门顶位的打工者，一般称她为助拉。组长开早会，助拉就开始领料，将拉上所需要的物品全部准备好，同时，助拉也会检查生产线上的电源、传动带、照明灯、易损工具等等。在生产线运行半个小时后，想离开工位的打工者才能举手请求助拉顶位，从组长处领到一个离岗证，去上厕所或者喝水。通常，每条生产线只有一张离岗证，在开工后半个小时内和下班前半个小时内不发。

生产线运作时，电子厂的车间内是严禁说话的，车间内只有机器发出的声响。虽然前后工位的同事们近在咫尺，也必须闭嘴。只有在发现产品质量问题或生产中出现异常，才能呼叫助拉或组长来处理。车间的公告栏上，常会贴出“XXX上班时讲话，记过一次”之类的通告。每天十几个小时在车间，除了工间休息的10分钟可以讲话，一直闭嘴是一项修练呀，时间久了，同事之间看着面熟，实则很陌生。

生产线另一个特点，就是分工非常细。分工过细造成生产效率极高，打工者在工位上就是流水线的延伸，每天重复进行简单的操作，工作极其单调。在一家生产USB线的工厂，一个男工的工作是将USB线围着两个小柱子绕5圈后扎上皮筋，再送到流水线给下一个工位装袋。他说每天要绕4000条左右，刚开始做这道工序后，手臂特别难受，连吃饭时用筷子都感觉到痛。但第二天到了车间，还得继续干，如果速度慢了，组长还会批评。这样咬牙坚持干了一个月后，手臂已经习惯了这种劳动强度，也不痛了。即使是冬天，其他的同事们都穿着外套干活，他只穿着短袖工衣就够了。

能在工厂留下来干得久的，是老油条，是自认为找到了自己位置的打工者；还在工厂与工厂之间观望、选择、培训、试用的，是新手，是想挤身于工厂却还没有找到合适机会的打工者。

2015年1月22日，广东省东莞市长安镇。内衣厂的生产线。生产的内衣全部出口。占有兵摄

January 22, 2015, Chang'an Town, Dongguan City, Guangdong Province. The production line of underwear factory. All underwear manufactured are exported.byYouBingZhan

2012年5月22日，广东省东莞市长安镇。内衣厂的生产线。生产的内衣全部出口。占有兵摄

May 22, 2012, Chang'an Town, Dongguan City, Guangdong Province. The production line of underwear factory. All underwear manufactured are exported.byYouBingZhan

2017年11月22日，广东省东莞市。毛织厂生产线上女工的手。占有兵摄

November 22, 2017, Dongguan City, Guangdong Province. The hands of women workers on the wool mill production line.byYouBingZhan

I tried to use my camera to record anatomically different types of factories.

When I took more than 700,000 pictures, I found that the manufacturing production line is the main space for workers. Every day, 10 hours or more in the workshop, the production line is the main stage of life for workers. Youth consumes here, and the edges of life are smoothed by the production line.

Workshop, especially densely populated, production line is the efficiency unit, the division of labor is very fine, the work content is monotonous and repetitive. Workers are just another machine controlled by the production line, a machine that needs only a small amount of "refueling" without maintenance.

The main force on the production line is young and strong workers who can work overtime frequently. People under 30 years old are most popular in factories. Give some overtime pay, tie up the workers and lock them in the assembly line every day.

The operation of the workshop started early. When the bell rang, the leaders of each production line convened an early meeting of workers. The content was nothing more than what quality problems had happened to the products and how to prevent and correct them; who had violated the regulations in their work; who had taken more leave, which affected the operation of the production line; who had been criticized by the leaders; what new instructions did the superiors have? Recent developments in factories and so on. Of course, experienced team leaders will use "sandwich" method to hold early meetings, first to speak well, then to criticize, and then to encourage everyone to work hard. There are also some group leaders who have been paid for a long time and have poor personality. Like tigers, they will roar at the beginning of the day, sometimes scolding self-esteemed employees and crying their noses. After the morning meeting, take your place, start work, work!

People have three urgencies. In the workshop, they need to get a leave certificate to leave their job. To put it simply, they need to get permission to go to the toilet. Every time the assembly line starts, more than 30 people sit on both sides of the belt, hand and foot constantly processing the goods delivered by the previous process, a radish pit, no one can leave. Each production line, there is a special top worker, commonly known as pull-in. When the group leader holds an early meeting, the puller starts to collect the materials and prepares all the items needed. At the same time, the puller also checks the power supply, transmission belt, lighting, vulnerable tools and so on on on the production line. After half an hour of operation of the production line, the workers who want to leave the workstation can raise their hands and ask for help to pull the top position. They can get a leave certificate from the team leader and go to the toilet or drink water. Usually, each production line has only one exit certificate, which is not issued within half an hour after start-up and half an hour before work.

When the production line is in operation, it is strictly forbidden to speak in the workshop of the electronics factory. Only the sound of the machine is heard in the workshop. Although the colleagues in the front and back workplaces are close, they must also shut up. Only when product quality problems or abnormalities occur in production are found, can the assistant or group leader be called to deal with them. On the bulletin board of the workshop, announcements such as "XXX Speeches at Work and Records Once" are often posted. Every day more than ten hours in the workshop, in addition to the 10 minutes of break to speak, it is a practice to keep silent. For a long time, colleagues look familiar with each other, but it is very strange.

Another feature of the production line is that the division of labor is very fine. Overfine division of labor results in high production efficiency. The workers are the extension of the assembly line on the work station. They repeat simple operations every day, and the work is extremely monotonous. In a factory that produces USB cable, a male worker's job is to wrap the USB cable around two small pillars and tie the epithelial band five times before sending it to the assembly line for bagging at the next station. He said that it takes about 4,000 rounds a day. When he first started this process, his arm was very uncomfortable. He even felt pain when he used chopsticks to eat. But when we arrived at the workshop the next day, we had to work on it. If the speed was slow, the team leader would criticize it. After a month of persistent teeth grinding, the arm has become accustomed to the intensity of labor, and no pain. Even in winter, other colleagues wore coats to work. He only wore short-sleeved overalls.

Those who can stay and work in the factory for a long time are the old fried sticks, the workers who think they have found their own position; those who still wait, choose, train and try out between the factory and the factory are novices, who want to squeeze themselves into the factory but have not found the right opportunity.

2015年5月4日，广东省东莞市长安镇。鞋厂的生产线。生产的鞋全部出口。占有兵摄

May 4, 2015, Chang'an Town, Dongguan City, Guangdong Province. Production line of shoe factory. All the shoes produced are exported.byYouBingZhan

2014年7月10日，广东省东莞市长安镇。鞋厂生产线上的女工。生产的鞋全部出口。占有兵摄

July 10, 2014, Chang'an Town, Dongguan City, Guangdong Province. A woman worker on the shoe factory's production line. All the shoes produced are exported.byYouBingZhan

2015年5月4日，广东省东莞市长安镇。鞋厂的生产线。生产的鞋全部出口。占有兵摄

May 4, 2015, Chang'an Town, Dongguan City, Guangdong Province.Production line of shoe factory.All the shoes produced are exported.byYouBingZhan

2015年8月12日，广东省东莞市长安镇。鞋厂生产线上的女工。生产的鞋全部出口。占有兵摄

August 12, 2015, Chang'an Town, Dongguan City, Guangdong Province. A woman worker on the shoe factory's production line. All the shoes produced are exported.byYouBingZhan

2014年8月9日，广东省东莞市长安镇。玩具厂的生产线。生产的玩具全部出口。占有兵摄

August 9, 2014, Chang'an Town, Dongguan City, Guangdong Province.Production line of toy factory.All toys produced are exported.byYouBingZhan

2015年4月13日，广东省东莞市长安镇。玩具厂的生产线。生产的玩具全部出口。占有兵摄

April 13, 2015, Chang'an Town, Dongguan City, Guangdong Province. Production line of toy factory. All toys produced are exported.byYouBingZhan

2015年5月21日，广东省东莞市长安镇。玩具厂的生产线。生产的玩具全部出口。占有兵摄

May 21, 2015, Chang'an Town, Dongguan City, Guangdong Province. Production line of toy factory. All toys produced are exported.byYouBingZhan

2010年7月16日，广东省东莞市长安镇。手袋厂的生产线。生产的产品全部出口。占有兵摄

July 16, 2010, Chang'an Town, Dongguan City, Guangdong Province. The production line of handbag factory. All the products produced are exported.byYouBingZhan

2011年11月25日，广东省东莞市长安镇。手袋厂生产线的女工。生产的产品全部出口。占有兵摄

November 25, 2011, Chang'an Town, Dongguan City, Guangdong Province. A woman worker on the production line of a handbag factory. All the products produced are exported.byYouBingZhan

2014年12月9日，广东省东莞市长安镇。眼镜厂的女工。生产的产品全部出口。占有兵摄

December 9, 2014, Chang'an Town, Dongguan City, Guangdong Province. A woman worker in a glasses factory. All the products produced are exported.byYouBingZhan

2014年12月916日，广东省东莞市长安镇。眼镜厂的生产线。生产的产品全部出口。占有兵摄

December 916, 2014, Chang'an Town, Dongguan City, Guangdong Province. Production line of glasses factory. All the products produced are exported.byYouBingZhan

2017年11月9日，广东省东莞市。毛织厂的生产线。生产的产品全部出口。占有兵摄

November 9, 2017, Dongguan City, Guangdong Province. The production line of wool mill. All the products produced are exported.byYouBingZhan

2011年7月24日，广东省东莞市长安镇。电子线厂的生产线。生产的产品全部出口。占有兵摄

July 24, 2011, Chang'an Town, Dongguan City, Guangdong Province. The production line of the electronic wire factory. All the products produced are exported.byYouBingZhan

2012年3月9日，广东省东莞市长安镇。电子厂的生产线。生产的产品全部出口。占有兵摄

March 9, 2012, Chang'an Town, Dongguan City, Guangdong Province. The production line of the electronics factory. All the products produced are exported.byYouBingZhan

2012年10月19日，广东省东莞市长安镇。学习机厂的生产线。生产的产品主要是内销。占有兵摄

October 19, 2012, Chang'an Town, Dongguan City, Guangdong Province. Learn the production line of the machine factory. The products produced are mainly for domestic sale.byYouBingZhan

2016年3月15日，广东省东莞市长安镇。手机厂的生产线。生产的产品主要是内销。占有兵摄

March 15, 2016, Chang'an Town, Dongguan City, Guangdong Province. Mobile phone factory production line. The products produced are mainly for domestic sale.byYouBingZhan

2013年7月17日，广东省东莞市长安镇。硬盘厂的生产线。生产的产品全部出口。占有兵摄

July 17, 2013, Chang'an Town, Dongguan City, Guangdong Province. The production line of hard disk factory. All the products produced are exported.byYouBingZhan

2013年7月30日，广东省东莞市长安镇。硬盘厂的生产线。生产的产品全部出口。占有兵摄

July 30, 2013, Chang'an Town, Dongguan City, Guangdong Province. The production line of hard disk factory. All the products produced are exported.byYouBingZhan

2016年9月10日，广东省东莞市长安镇。机械加工厂的生产线。生产的产品主要内销。占有兵摄

September 10, 2016, Chang'an Town, Dongguan City, Guangdong Province. Production Line of Machinery Processing Plant. The products produced are mainly for domestic sale.byYouBingZhan

2014年12月31日，广东省东莞市长安镇。纸品厂的男工。生产的产品全部出口。占有兵摄

December 31, 2014, Chang'an Town, Dongguan City, Guangdong Province. A male worker in a paper mill. All the products produced are exported.byYouBingZhan

2012年5月22日，广东省东莞市长安镇。电子厂的生产线。生产的产品全部出口。占有兵摄

May 22, 2012, Chang'an Town, Dongguan City, Guangdong Province. The production line of the electronics factory. All the products produced are exported.byYouBingZhan

2014年12月8日，广东省东莞市长安镇。商标厂的生产线。生产的产品全部出口。占有兵摄

December 8, 2014, Chang'an Town, Dongguan City, Guangdong Province. The production line of the trademark factory. All the products produced are exported.byYouBingZhan

2015年4月15日，广东省东莞市长安镇。注塑厂的生产线。生产的产品全部出口。占有兵摄

April 15, 2015, Chang'an Town, Dongguan City, Guangdong Province. Production line of injection moulding plant. All the products produced are exported.byYouBingZhan

2014年12月516日，广东省东莞市长安镇。硬盘厂的生产线。生产的产品全部出口。占有兵摄

December 516, 2014, Chang'an Town, Dongguan City, Guangdong Province. The production line of hard disk factory. All the products produced are exported.byYouBingZhan

2017年7月3日，广东省东莞市长安镇。电动工具厂的生产线。生产的产品全部出口。占有兵摄

July 3, 2017, Chang'an Town, Dongguan City, Guangdong Province. Production line of electric tool factory. All the products produced are exported.byYouBingZhan

2017年7月3日，广东省东莞市长安镇。电动工具厂的生产线。生产的产品全部。占有兵摄

July 3, 2017, Chang'an Town, Dongguan City, Guangdong Province. Production line of electric tool factory. All the products produced.byYouBingZhan

2017年11月9日，广东省东莞市长安镇。毛织厂的生产线。生产的产品全部出口。占有兵摄

November 9, 2017, Chang'an Town, Dongguan City, Guangdong Province. The production line of wool mill. All the products produced are exported.byYouBingZhan

图文 占有兵原创 All by YouBing Zhan

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